Blood Promise Chapter One Free Essays

Accounting Analysis Blenheim Instruments Ltd

Question: Talk about the Repot of Accounting Analysis for Blenheim Instruments Ltd. Answer: Jenny Pike, the associate bookkeeper for Blenheim Instruments Ltd while settling the monetary record of the organization for the bookkeeping time of 30th June 2015 saw that the firm had taken an advance from ABB Bank. Jenny Pike came to see that two clients of the previously mentioned organization are under liquidation and the opportunity to recuperate the obligation sum will fall obviously by 10%. The organization as per the advance understanding needs to keep the proportion to 1.25:1 and this adjustment in the red owing will result to change in the proportion, which will affect the budget report of the organization. The central bookkeeper of the organization in the wake of tuning in to the worries guaranteed Jenny that such changes would not hamper the budgetary presentations of the organization. The bank needs to know the figures of 30th June and any progressions because of the adjustment in record of sale won't sway the budget summary of this current year in light of the fact tha t the measure of cash recoverable for the obligation proprietors can't be guaranteed before the following bookkeeping time frame. The Chief bookkeeper affirmed that by that period, the misfortune could be recuperated and along these lines no decrease will occur of the proportion in the advance understanding. As per the Question, in the event that I place myself instead of Jenny, at that point I would have taken a gander at the measure of receivable exaggerated in a critical position sheet in the budget report and how much obligation is the organization owes from the clients. Two of the clients have gone into liquidation, yet the aggregate sum recoverable from the borrowers is yet obscure. It isn't desirable over change the asset report as per the estimations of the aggregate sum of cash recoverable, thus the announcement of fund for 30th June 2015 will continue as before. The central bookkeeper considerably in the wake of thoroughly considering the difficult when guarantees that any exaggeration of the receivables won't concern the bank this year it isn't obvious to for me to roll out any improvements to the monetary record (Caplan and Dutta 2016). Mr. Russell Bayer, when feels that the suspicion of 10% recoverable from awful obligation, can change in the following year on the grounds th at the sureness of extra awful obligations is obscure and the measure of exaggeration made for the current year. It tends to be gotten before the finish of the following money related year then I feel it is no good reason for transform anything in the fiscal report of the organization. The central bookkeeper is experienced work force and knows about the bookkeeping procedure, so when he guarantees not to freeze, at that point I ought not stress and conclude the monetary record arranged by us. Being the bookkeeper of the organization, I would leave the monetary record as readied and plan to downplay the all out receivable from indebted individuals and equalization it with the real receivable from borrowers in the following bookkeeping time frame to keep up the proportion level as indicated by the advance understanding. Hence I won't change information from the asset report from this year as the executives will likewise consent to keep the equivalent (Vogel 2014). Reference List Caplan, D. what's more, Dutta, S.K., 2016. Dealing with the danger of deluding money related measurements in yearly reports: An initial move towards giving affirmation over administration's discussion.Journal of Accounting Literature,36, pp.1-27. Mileris, R. also, Boguslauskas, V., 2015. Information Reduction Influence on the Accuracy of Credit Risk Estimation Models.Engineering Economics,66(1). Vogel, H.L., 2014.Entertainment industry financial matters: A guide for money related examination. Cambridge University Press. ZAINUDIN, E.F. also, HASHIM, H.A., 2016. Recognizing false money related detailing utilizing budgetary ratio.Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting,14(2).

What Does It Mean to Be Heteroflexible

What Does It Mean to Be Heteroflexible Relationships LGBTQ Print Heteroflexibility and Sexual Orientations A Brief History of Sexual Orientations By Anabelle Bernard Fournier facebook Anabelle Bernard Fournier is a freelance writer who specializes in home decor and interior design. Shes been writing about interiors since 2012. Learn about our editorial policy Anabelle Bernard Fournier Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 19, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 24, 2020 Photo by  Diego Duarte Cereceda  on  Unsplash More in Relationships LGBTQ Spouses & Partners Violence and Abuse From the late 19th century to recently, there were only two possible sexual orientations: straight and gay/lesbian. Bisexuals, pansexuals, and other queer orientations have recently expanded the range of sexual orientation identities. However, our society still expects people to be heterosexualâ€"a phenomenon called heteronormativity. In short, society treats heterosexuals as normal and unworthy of notice, while people who are not heterosexual face extra scrutiny, sexualization, and stigma. Thus, its predictable that people with same-sex desires and behaviors might still want to be seen as heterosexual if only to avoid all the negative consequences of coming out as non-hetero. What is this new category of heteroflexibility and what does it mean? The History Sexual orientation categories appeared in the late 19th century, with the invention of the words homosexuality and heterosexuality. Before the invention of these words, homosexual acts were outlawedâ€"there was no word for identifying as a person who had sex with people of the same gender. In his famous book Gay New York, historian George Chauncey described how New York men in the early 20th century could have sexual relationships with other men without losing their identity as men (which at the time, was synonymous with heterosexual). As long as a man dressed and acted in masculine ways and was the penetrating partner, it was acceptable to have intercourse with other men. Men who acted in feminine ways and were the receiving partner were called fairies, rather than gay. It was all about gender performance, rather than attraction. As the 20th century moved on, however, ideas of heterosexuality and homosexuality took hold as identities. In other words, having sex with people of the same gender became more than an act: it was something someone was, rather than something someone just didâ€"an identity over an activity. These categories have been more or less flexible throughout the last hundred years. The 1960s and 70s were looser in terms of sexual experimentation and identity, while the 80s and 90s saw a return of clear, rigid boundaries around the actions that were acceptable from heterosexuals and homosexuals. Heteroflexibility Today In the past few years, social scientists have seen a return to flexible notions of what it means to be heterosexual. Recent research by social scientists Carillo and Hoffman suggests that men who have occasional sex with other men are able to expand the category of heterosexuality to include their behavior.?? Mostly, they do this in terms of denying their attraction to men and talking about sex with men as only for pleasure, when women are unavailable, or as a perversion. This research concludes that instead of switching to a bisexual identity, these men change the definition of heterosexual to include occasional sexual acts with men?? â€"something that sounds a lot like the early 20th century New Yorkers that Chauncey studied. As long as these men maintain that they are not inherently attracted to men and behave in typically masculine ways, they retain their heterosexualityâ€"and privilege. Heteroflexibility as an Orientation Heteroflexibility as an orientation is akin to categories 1 and 2 on the Kinsey scaleâ€"0 being exclusively heterosexual and 6 being exclusively homosexual.?? However, because it involves attraction and/or acts with people of the same sex, some critics have argued that heteroflexible is just another word for bisexuality. The benefit of calling yourself heteroflexible instead of bisexual, of course, is the lack of stigma. Though research by Carillo and Hoffman highlights the main difference between bisexual and heteroflexibility: heteroflexible people claim that they are not attracted to people of the same gender.?? This raises interesting questions. Having Sex Without Attraction Many people have sex with people they are not attracted to, and have even enjoyed that sex. It could be for many reasons: they hired a sex worker, or they had sex with an available partner exclusively for their own pleasure, for example. This means that heteroflexible men dont have to be attracted to men to be willing to have sex with them. However, in some cases, they could also be denying their attraction to avoid the label of homosexual. It is difficult for scientists to separate the two. What Makes Someone Homosexual? Some people think that one act of homosexuality makes someone a homosexual automaticallyâ€"this is obviously not the case. Bisexuals have sex with people of the same gender without being homosexual. Heterosexuality, bisexuality, and homosexuality are identities that a person chooses, not something that is inherent to a person, like having blue eyes or ten toes. Therefore, one can choose a heterosexual identity and still have sex with people of the same gender. This is why social scientists have created three different categories: sexual orientation identity (what you call yourself), sexual behavior (what you do), and sexual attraction (who you are attracted to).?? These three things can (and often do) show different patterns among individuals and throughout each individuals life course. Ethical Questions The research on heteroflexibility raises a third questionâ€"this one ethical. Is it okay for people who have sex with others of the same gender to still claim to be heterosexual? The struggle for non-heterosexual people to be recognized and embraced as full human beings is still ongoing. Many are still unable to marry, are imprisoned, or even killed for their sexual orientation. Being able to engage sexually with people of the same gender while avoiding all of these negative consequences feels like a betrayal to those who have fought discrimination and stigma their whole lives. While its easy to see why someone would want to stay safe and avoid violence by keeping his/her non-heterosexuality a secret, its more difficult to accept someone who wants the freedom to have sex with people of the same gender without having to deal with all the stigma. Of course, if we lived in a society that accepted non-heterosexual orientations as fully as they do heterosexuals, we wouldnt have this problem. People would be free to pursue sex and relationships with anybody they want without stigma or violence. However, we are far short of this ideal. Heteroflexibility, in a way, makes it more difficult for non-heterosexuals to protect their human rights and remain safe. What Does Non-Binary Mean?

Essay about Drug Use and Abuse by Teens - 504 Words

Drug addiction is becoming a major problem amongst teenagers. Nine out of every ten adults say that teachers should inform students about drug use. USA Today Many people don’t even realize that they use drugs. Alcohol is a drug. It is the most popular drug in America. People also don’t realize that alcohol is addictive until it’s too late. Alcohol is also very dangerous. On September 13, 2000, I witnessed a crash by my house. A guy skidded across the road and ended up on my neighbor’s lawn. The windshield was cracked on the driver’s side. The driver looked at the smoking car and said that it was fine. He just needed to get it off the curb. When the police showed up, he asked the driver if he had hit his head on the windshield. The†¦show more content†¦More people die from D.W.I. (driving while intoxicated) accidents that any other way. Alcohol is also fattening. Why do so many people complain about their weight, and they still drink? What are the consequences of using drugs? Well, your school work will suffer. Many friends wont talk to you anymore, leaving you lonely. You will feel lazy and you will forget a lot of important things, memories. Drugs are also very expensive. Weed goes for about twenty dollars a sack and ecstacy goes for around twenty dollars a hit. If you are caught with drugs, you will either end up in jail or you will be on probation. They might also send you to a drug rehabilitation center. Drugs can also cause many different medical problems. Your brain, heart, liver, of other vital organs can become cancerous or have other malfunctions. Death is also a great chance a person takes when using drugs. It is very easy to accidentally overdose on a drug. People who deal have an even greater risk of death. If they can’t the specific drug a buyer wants, the buyer might take out a gun and shoot the dealer. Suicide is also a problem amongst teenagers that do drugs, Some people run out of money, and can’t buy any more drugs. Some people feel that they can’t stop and won’t get professional help. Some people feel that they have nothing left: no friends, no money, no job,...the list just goes on and on. Depression is what causes most suicidalShow MoreRelatedPromoting A Drug Awareness Program For Teens1695 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting a Drug Awareness Program for Teens Teen drug use/abuse is common. According to the U. S. Department of Health Human Services, the most common drugs teens use are alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and prescription drugs (2016). Other drugs used are inhalants, over-the-counter medications, and other illegal drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin. The use of drugs and alcohol increase the risk of injury or death. According to WebMD, alcohol and drug abuse is a leading causeRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Drug Abuse1366 Words   |  6 Pages(2009) explained that drug abuse towards marijuana, Vicodin, amphetamines, cough medicine, and sedatives are a growing problem in teens. Various types of drugs are used by teens for numerous reasons, including recreation, relaxation, relieving pain, or because the teen population has depicted the use of drugs as â€Å"cool†. Drug abuse in teens is a behavior that can cause many consequences to develop in one’s life. Casa Palmera Staff (2009) pointed out that drug abuse in teens can cause severe healthRead MoreDrug Abuse Is A Problem Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesDrug abuse is a big problem and there are solutions, but everyone has to work together to achieve them. A possible solution might be to educate the different groups of drug users about the effects of drug abuse. Another is to place a higher priority on eliminating the source of the drug problem, such as the more popular known drugs like marijuana, cocaine, tobacco, nicotine and the others. Keeping the next generation from even starting drug abuse will completely eliminate the problem, but achievingRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugs to fulfillRead MoreTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Onyiego 9/27/2014 Sociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their shareRead MoreTeen Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthree leading drugs used and abused by teenagers in America. According to Elizabeth Larsen, â€Å"The Centers for Disease Control classifies prescription drug abuse as the worst drug epidemic in United States history† (Larsen p.4). This is the worst drug epidemic in history because of the percentage of teenage usage. Based on different studies, pills are the most commonly abused drug among twelve- and thirteen- year olds because of how easy they are to access. In fact, many teens that abuse prescriptionRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1423 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol canRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers : A Survey1201 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers Hannah is a fifteen year old girl who was recently sent to a rehabilitation center for the result of abuse of prescription medication. 6.1 million high school students currently use addictive substances, and like Hannah, 1 in 3 of them are addicted (â€Å"National Study Reveals,†2011). Although the number of teens using these drugs are decreasing, the numbers are still dangerously high. Due to it’s high risk of addiction, dangerous consequences, and growing availabilityRead MoreTeen Prescription Drug Abuse Among Teens1462 Words   |  6 PagesTeen Prescription Drug Abuse Doesn’t matter what age, drugs are going to be used and abuse. From the time we are born, till the day we die, prescription drugs are prescribed for doctor approved use. Most prescription drugs are given to help control a disease, an imbalance, sickness, etc. With teenage drug abuse on the rise in most US high schools, it has become a problem parents are facing amongst their children. Being a parent to a teenager who has meddled with prescription drugs has been an unbelievableRead MoreRisk Factors For Adolescent Drug Abuse1462 Words   |  6 Pages Body: Risk Factors for Adolescent Drug Abuse There are an abundance of risk factors that can relate to the contribution of drug abuse in adolescents. The primary risk factors can be divided into two main categories: social and emotional triggers. Social factors play an important role because during the adolescent years it can be an extremely emotional and physically tough time for teens to transition through. Adolescent phases are one of the biggest transitional stages in a person’s life because

The Different Revolutionary Tactics - 657 Words

Revolutionary Tactics Focoism is a revolutionary strategy that was originally popularized by Ernesto Che Guevara, the Argentinian physician-turned-revolutionary who was instrumental in the success of the Cuban Revolution in the late 1950s. The strategy contends that revolutionaries need not spend great amounts of time trying to build a following or urging people to join their cause, and that a small, relatively unplanned band of dedicated revolutionaries can readily incite people to support its cause. If such a band attacks and makes its name known simply by taking action, focosim posits that such action will inevitably galvanize the masses of people to similarly follow suit. As such, there is little emphasis in this theory placed on preparing conditions for a revolution; focosim contends that no matter how unplanned or how disparate the seemingly random attacks of a revolutionary band is, the mere presence of such attacks will eventually be reflected in the masses of the people and soon enough incite the m to revolt as well. The actions of the small band of roving revolutionaries, the so called revolutionary elite, are believed to serve as the focal point for the impending involvement of the other citizens. Chinese revolutionary Mao Tse-tung had a number of theories about how to successfully wage organized revolt or what is termed revolutionary war (Shy and Collier 1986, 815), certain facets of which were decidedly at variance with elements of focoism. 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Though guerrilla warfare was an important facet of the Patriots’ military strategy against the British, the Americans ultimately won the Revolutionary War throughRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution Research Assignment1592 Words   |  7 Pagesultimately radically transformed Mexican politics and society. 1) Choose one of the wars and explain what type of war it was and why it is categorised as such? (10 marks) The Mexican Revolution can be categorised into two main types of war, revolutionary and civil. Initially, the revolution began as a movement of middle-class protest against the 35-year regime of Porfirio Diaz and his oligarchical policies. However, after Diaz was ousted from power and exiled in May 1911, the revolution shiftedRead MoreAn Open Path Behind A Bridge1375 Words   |  6 Pagesto form up in the street-firing position. 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Then, from my point of view, the desire of the people â€Å"nationalism†, which remain the only significantRead MoreBattle Of Lexington And Concord1708 Words   |  7 Pagesfiring tactic was appropriate for sending a large volume of fire into a narrow alley between the buildings of a city, but not for an open path behind a bridge. Confusion ensued as the Redcoats started retreating over the bridge in an attempt to form up in the street-firing position. Redcoat Lieutenant (L T) William Sutherland, who was in the rear of the formation, knew that maneuver was not adequate for the situation and ordered flankers to be sent out. LT Sutherland was from a different companyRead MoreEssay on Comparison of the American and French Revolutions1022 Words   |  5 Pagesis considered more â€Å"conservative† than the French. The intent of the American revolutionaries was not to initiate a revolution, but rather to gain their freedom from a â€Å"long train of abuses,† The French however were trying to cause a true revolution they were not just fighting for freedom but instead to over throw and remove the monarchy. The American revolutionaries had no choice but to defend their liberties; the tactics used by the Americans were not as directly aggressive as those used by the FrenchRead MoreTerrorism : A Critique Of Excuses1378 Words   |  6 Pagesand women are forced into a corner and are forced to act in a way that they would never in normal circumst ances. In Game Theory there is a scenario in which there is no possible good outcome. During such a situation you have a choice to follow two different paths; both of which lead to you losing something. Choosing one or the other will always lead to a something bad, but one is slightly better than the other. So consider the real life example of the no-win situation. As World War II was drawing toRead MoreNapoleon s Accomplishments And Life Story1333 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"man of the people†. Many ideas and goals from the French Revolution became a part of Napoleon’s reign. Prior to becoming the leader of France, he also served as a fierce and focused general in the French army and never showed mercy with his battle tactics, which was the main reason why he was so successful while conquering parts of Europe. Although his battlefield accomplishments are tremendous in themselves, it was his leadership and governmental restructuring and policies which are most significant

Case Study †Sources of International Law, ‘Non-binding’ agreements Treaties Free Essays

Abstract International agreements are frequently entered into by sovereign States and international organisations. Whilst many of them are formal treaties and thus have binding effect, others do not fit into this category and thereby remain non-binding agreements. This often leads to a great deal of dispute resolution procedures taking place since it is generally quite difficult to determine whether an agreement is binding or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study – Sources of International Law, ‘Non-binding’ agreements Treaties or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using Iran as a case study, an agreement that has recently been entered into will be reviewed in order to determine its legal effects and consequences. Introduction A Treaty is a written agreement that has been entered into by international law actors, such as international organisations and sovereign States. A Treaty is thus a type of contract that allows parties to voluntary enter into the agreement in order to be bound by its terms (Fitzmaurice and Elias, 2005: 10). Accordingly, treaties are â€Å"the only way States can create international law consciously† (Dixon, 2007: 26) and may either be bilateral or multilateral. The legal status of the agreement between Germany and the five permanent members of the Security Council (SC) and Iran will be reviewed in order to consider its legal status, whether it is binding and whether it will prevail over previously SC resolutions. The equality of States doctrine will also be considered in order to establish whether it is workable in practice. The legal status of this agreement. Is this a TreatyWhy? The ‘Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons’ is a multilateral Treaty that opened for signatory at London, Moscow and Washington on the 1st July 1968 and entered into force on the 5th March 1970. The TTreaty currently has 190 State Parties, 93 signatories and 4 Depositary Governments(UN, 1968: 1). Under this Treaty Iran has been able to develop a nuclear programme that has been regarded suspicious by many other countries (Kerr, 2013: 2). Despite this Iran has persistently claimed that the peaceful nature of its activities aimed to develop nuclear energy. Consequently, Iran has thus entered into an agreement with the Security Council and Germany in order to put an end to all sanctions being inflicted upon them. Whether this will arouse further suspicion is arguably, yet the agreement, also known as the ‘Joint Action Plan’, is also a ‘Treaty’ in that it imposes obligations upon the State parties; Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Pro ject (Hungary v Slovakia) (1998) 37 ILM 162. Furthermore, because this is a legally binding agreement between the State parties that has been created by two or more subjects of international law, it can be recognised as having Treaty status. Under the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties all States have the capacity to make treaties. This can be made available to the SC under Article 43 (3) of the UN Charter. Again, this further indicates how this agreement is capable of being a Treaty (Hollis, 2012: 75). Nevertheless, the parties to the agreement must intend for it to be binding at international law (Villiger, 1985: 35). This does appear to be the case given that the agreement contains a unilateral Statement because as was confirmed by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in Australia v France, New Zealand v France 1974 ICJ Rep 253; unilateral statements of States are legally binding in appropriate circumstances. The legal status of this agreement is that it is therefore a Treaty and legally binding. As such, Iran will no longer be sanctioned for developing a nuclear programme, which they claim to be for peaceful purposes. Are Resolutions of the SC sources of International Law/Binding? Resolutions of the SC generally have binding effect; Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding SC Resolution 276 (1970) Advisory Opinion of 21 June 1971, although there has been some focus by the ICJ on their other effects, such as authorising effect and (dis)empowering effect (Basak, 1969: 385). The effect of the resolution will, nonetheless, depend entirely on its type . This is because a SC resolution may either be a recommendation or a decision, which are not clearly defined in the Charter. As a result, it is often difficult to determine the legal effects of such resolutions (Johnson, 1955: 107), however the Court generally refers to binding resolutions as decisions and non-binding resolutions as recommendations; Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Article 17, Paragraph 2 of the Charter) [1962] ICJ Rep 151, at 163. SC resolutions resolution are binding if they create obligations on its recipients and if they are made under Chapter VII (Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Agression). Since the ‘Joint Action Plan’ agreement imposes obligations on its State parties and contains a threat to the peace, it is likely that this will again render it a binding resolution. However, it has been pointed out by Hollis that the agreement is not binding on the basis that it â€Å"implies something aspirational rather than required.†(Hollis, 2013: 1). This is evident from the wording; â€Å"The goal for these negotiations is to reach a mutually-agreed long-term comprehensive solution that would ensure Iran’s nuclear programme will be exclusively peaceful (Geneva, 2014: 1). Therefore, whilst it seems that the agreement is a legally binding resolution, the fact that only recommendations are being made may suggest that it is not and sceptics ha ve argued that the plan is â€Å"just a false front for the Iranians in order to have sanctions lifted† (Midwest Diplomacy, 2013: 1). Therefore, although SC sources of international law are binding, it has been questioned whether Iran should be provided with the ability to develop their nuclear programme even further as this could have disastrous effects (Zand, 2014: 1). In case of conflict between this agreement and previous SC Resolutions which one should prevail? The determination as to whether SC decisions possess an overriding binding effect will be determined on a case by case basis. However, it is usually the case that SC recommendations will not have an overriding binding effect; Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention Arising from the Aeriel Incident at Lockerbie (Libya v UK) Preliminary Objection [1998] ICJ Rep 9, at 26, whilst SC decisions will; Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations [1949] ICJ Rep 174. Therefore, if the ‘Joint Action Plan’ is merely a recommendation then this will not be binding and will therefore not prevail over previous SC Resolutions. If the agreement is a decision, however, then it will be prevail as it will have a binding effect. In Lockbie, Provisional Measures [1992] ICJ Rep 3 it was held by the ICJ that pre-empting obligations that flow from traditional sources of international law can be overridden by the normative powers of t he SC in order to ensure that peace and security is maintained, yet the binding effect of resolutions will depend on their language, the discussions leading up to it and the provisions of the Charter being invoked (Oberg, 2005: 879). In Application for Review of Judgment no. 273 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (‘Mortished affair’) [1982] ICJ Rep 325 Resolution 34/165 reversed the prior decision in Resolution 33/119 in order to avoid two incompatible legal effects co-existing. Therefore, because SC Resolutions 1696 (2006) of 21 July 2006 and 1737 (2006) of 26 December 2006 will be incompatible with the new agreement, they may be reversed if the new agreement has an overriding binding effect. This is highly beneficial for Iran since they deemed the previous resolutions unfair on the basis that they had received different treatment to other States. Comment on the parties of this agreement. What does it say about the equality of States in practice? The doctrine of equality of States covers both legal equality and political equality. Legal equality deals with the legal relations that exist between States, whilst political equality deals with the distribution of economic and military power between States. Because Iran appears to have been given exceptional powers under the new agreement, it is likely that these new powers will be considered contrary to this principle. This is because Iran is effectively being given additional powers to control its nuclear program and is also being protected from any sanctions imposed by other States. As the doctrine seeks to ensure that all States are treated equally under international law, States ought to have the same rights and responsibilities as each other (Kelsen, 1952: 156). As this is not being effectuated under this agreement, it is clear that this principle is being contravened. Nevertheless, there is an exception to the doctrine in cases where there has been a ‘breach of the p eace’ or an ‘act of aggression’ that threatened international peace and security. Therefore, because Iran has stated that they aimed to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, the violation of this doctrine will be permitted (Nahar, 2005: 1). This agreement thereby illustrates that the equality of States doctrine may not actually be workable in practice since the doctrine may be contravened if the aim is to maintain international peace and security. Conclusion Overall, it appears as though Iran’s agreement with the SC and Germany is a Treaty and will therefore have binding effect. This is because the agreement has been made purely to maintain peace and security. Although Iran’s activities have been met with some suspicion over the years, they have continued to state that the peaceful nature of their activities merely aimed to develop nuclear energy. As this agreement does appear to be a Treaty, it is likely that it will be capable of prevailing over previous SC resolutions. This is welcoming for Iran who were subjected to unfairness as a result of resolutions 1696 and 1737, although not all would agree with this decision. Hence, many would argued that the agreement conflicts with the equality of States doctrine. Nevertheless, because Iran have stated that they are acting in the interests of national security, the doctrine will be capable of being breached. Accordingly, the Doctrine is therefore not always workable and in thi s instance, Iran are being treated more favourably than other States. References Basak, A. (1969) ‘Decisions of the United Nations Organs in Judgements and Opinions of the International Court of Justice’; Thierry, Resolutions of international bodies in the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, Collected Courses, Volume 167. Johnson, A. (1955) ‘The Effect of Resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations’, 32 British Year Book of International Law 97. Dixon, M. (2007) Textbook on International Law, London, Oxford University Press. Geneva. (2013) ‘Joint Plan of Action’ [Online], Available: http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/d0fa3682-5523-11e3-86bc-00144feabdc0.pdf [15 January, 2014]. Fitzmaurice, M. and Elias, O. A. (2005) Contemporary Issues in the Law of Treaties, Netherlands, Eleven International Publishing. Hollis, D. B. (2012) The Oxford Guide to Treaties, London, Oxford University Press. Hollis, D. B. (2013) ‘The New Iran Deal Doesn’t Look Legally Binding. Does It Matter?’ Opinio Juris, [Online], Available: http://opiniojuris.org/2013/11/24/new-us-iran-deal-doesnt-look-legally-binding-matter/ [14 January 2014]. Kelsen, H. (1952) Principles of International Law, London, The Lawbook Exchange. Kerr, P. K. (2013) ‘Iran’s Nuclear Program: Tehran’s Compliance with International Obligations’ Congressional Research Service, CRS Report, R40094. Oberg, M. D. (2005) ‘The Legal Effects of Resolutions of the UN Security Council and General Assembly in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ’ European Journal of International Law, Volume 16, Issue 5. Midwest Diplomacy. (2013) ‘Understanding Iran and the Nuclear ‘Joint Plan of Action’ [Online], Available: http://egiuliani.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/understanding-iran-and-the-nuclear-joint-plan-of-action/ [14 January 2014]. Nahar, S. (2005) ‘Sovereign Equality Principle in International Law’ [Online], Available: http://www.globalpolitician.com/print.asp?id=4351 [14 January 2014]. (1968) ‘Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons’ Multilateral, [Online], Available: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20729/volume-729-I-10485-English.pdf [13 January, 2014]. Villiger, M. E. (1985) Customary International Law and Treaties: A Study of their interactions and interrelations, with special consideration of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, BRILL. Zand, L. (2014) ‘Organisations Warn Senate Against New Iran Sanctions’ Fellowship of Reconciliation, [Online], Available: http://forusa.org/blogs/leila-zand/62-organizations-warn-senate-against-new-iran-sanctions/12813 [20 January, 2014]. How to cite Case Study – Sources of International Law, ‘Non-binding’ agreements Treaties, Free Case study samples

Samsung Group free essay sample

The name â€Å"Samsung† according to the founder of the group Lee Byung Chull a migrant of a large land owning family in Uiryeong county to a city called Daegu where he founded Samsung Sanghoe explained that it means â€Å"tristars† or â€Å"three stars†; the word â€Å"three† represents something big, numerous and powerful. The â€Å"stars† represent â€Å"eternity†. Samsung has undergone lots transformation before being the giant Samsung it is today and it has proven to withstand the test of time where most Asian companies have dissolved during the Asian financial crisis. Its first product was a black-and-white television set. In the 50’s, when the Korean War broke out; Lee was forced to leave Seoul and start a sugar refinery in Busan[-gt;1] named Cheil Jedang[-gt;2]. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built the plant in Chimsan-dong, Daegu. It was the largest woollen mill ever in the country and the company took on the aspect of a major company. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the founders death in 1987, Samsung Group was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Shinsegae (discount store, department store) was originally part of Samsung Group, separated in the 1990s from the Samsung Group along with CJ Group (Food/Chemicals/Entertainment/logistics) and the Hansol Group (Paper/Telecom). Today these separated groups are independent and they are not part of or connected to the Samsung Group. In the 1980s, Samsung Electronics began to invest heavily in research and development, investments that were pivotal in pushing the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry. Our main purpose in this section is to declare what kind of tools we are going to use to analyze the competitive advantage of one of Samsung Group’s subsidiaries – Samsung Electronics. Any company in the business world would want to maintain and achieve competitive advantage if it intends to really survive the scheme of its rivals. One of these ways is to conduct a strategic analysis of the company. This enables us to adjust and monitor the position of the company, exploit new opportunities, and prepare for rainy days. There is one way of doing that- conducting a strategic evaluation of the company. According to Peter Drucker â€Å"unless strategy evaluation is performed seriously and systematically, and unless strategists are willing to act on the results, energy will be used up defending yesterday. No one will have the time, resources, or will to work on exploiting today, let alone to work on making tomorrow†. In other words, strategic evaluation gives the company a feel of or connection to the business environment it is operating in. Strategic evaluation is vital to the organization’s well being. Strategic evaluation includes three basic activities: examining the underlying basis of a firm’s strategy, comparing expected results with actual results, and taking corrective actions to ensure that performance conforms to plans. Samsung Electronics is the worlds largest mobile phone maker[-gt;8] by 2011 unit sales and worlds second-largest semiconductor chip maker[-gt;9] by 2011 revenues (after Intel Corporation[-gt;10]). It has been the worlds largest television manufacturer[-gt;11] since 2006 and the worlds largest maker of LCD panels for eight consecutive years. It has the largest market share worldwide in memory chips[-gt;12]. The company is the worlds largest vendor of smart phones[-gt;13] since 2011. Samsung has also established a prominent position in the tablet computer[-gt;14] market, with the release of the Android[-gt;15]-powered Samsung Galaxy Tab[-gt;16]. This section of the paper is meant to access and assess the strategies they have been applying since their existence and to advise them on the strategic options available to them now and in the future. In this paper we would use the following analyses: SWOT analyses, PEST analyses, Porter’s Five Forces, Strategic Group and the VRIO model analyses. SWOT is the acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats surrounding the business in its environment. In other words, it guides you to identify the positives and negatives inside and outside your organization. SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organization’s resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates. In other words, it is the foundation for evaluating the internal potential and limitations and the likely opportunities and threats from the external environment. The strength and weaknesses give you an insight of your internal advantages relative to other companies and disadvantages relative to other companies, in other words, it measures the competitive advantage. They are usually the factors that you have control over. The opportunities and threats are considered to be the external factors that you have no control over; it could be technological change, legislation, socio-cultural change, etc. The opportunities and threats give you an insight of the factors that the organization can exploit to it advantages and the factors that could cause trouble for the business. Pestel is an acronym for political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal analysis. It describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management.  ·Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy.